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역사서 10–29장: 다윗의 통치

하나님의 백성이 자신들의 뿌리와, 다윗과 맺으신 하나님의 언약을 다시 기억합니다.

역대상은 포로에서 돌아온 공동체를 위해 이스라엘의 역사를 다시 들려줍니다. 책은 아담에서부터 귀환한 포로들까지 이어지는 긴 족보로 시작하며, 그들이 여전히 하나님의 이야기 속에 속해 있음을 보여 줍니다.

저자: 미상; 전통적으로 에스라의 저작으로 봄 · 기록 연대: 기원전 450–400년경 기록된 것으로 추정

책 개요, 구조와 핵심 구절
역대상 24 KLB
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1아론의 후손인 제사장들은 아론의 아들인 엘르아살과 이다말의 이름 2을 따서 엘르아살 계통과 이다말 계통으로 나누어졌다. 나답과 아비후도 아론의 아들이었으나 그들은 자기들의 아버지가 죽기 전에 죽었고 자식이 없었다. 그래서 엘르아살과 이다말만이 제사장 직분을 수행하게 되었다. 3다윗왕은 엘르아살 계통을 대표하는 사독과 이다말 계통을 대표하는 아히멜렉과 상의하여 아론의 자손들을 그들의 직무에 따라 여러 반으로 분류하였다. 4엘르아살의 자손들은 16반으로 조직되고 이다말의 자손들은 8반으로 조직되었다. 이것은 엘르아살의 자손들 가운데 집안의 족장들이 더 많았기 때문이었다. 5그리고 성전에서 일할 유능한 인재들이 엘르아살 계통에도 있고 이다말 계통에도 있었기 때문에 모든 업무는 제비를 뽑아 공평하게 맡았다. 6엘르아살과 이다말의 자손들은 차례대로 제비를 뽑았으며 레위 사람 느다넬의 아들인 서기관 스마야는 제비 뽑힌 순서대로 그들의 이름을 기록하고 또 왕과 신하들과 제사장 사독과 아비아달의 아들 아히멜렉과 그리고 제사장 집안의 족장들과 레위 집안의 족장들은 모두 그것을 지켜 보고 있었다. 7제비는 가족 단위로 뽑았는데 제비가 뽑힌 순서대로 반장의 이름을 나열하면 다음과 같다: 첫째 여호야립, 둘째 여다야, 8셋째 하림, 넷째 스오림, 9다섯째 말기야, 여섯째 미야민, 10일곱째 학고스, 여덟째 아비야, 11아홉째 예수아, 열째 스가냐, 12열한째 엘리아십, 열두째 야김, 13열셋째 바, 열넷째 예세브압, 14열다섯째 빌가, 열여섯째 임멜, 15열일곱째 헤실, 열여덟째 합비세스, 16열아홉째 브다히야, 스물째 여헤스겔, 17스물한째 야긴, 스물두째 가물, 18스물셋째 들라야, 스물넷째는 마아시야였다. 19이들은 이스라엘의 하나님 여호와께서 그들의 조상 아론을 통해 명령하신 규정대로 성전 직무를 수행하였다. 20이 밖에 레위 자손 중에서 제비 뽑힌 사람들은 아므람의 아들 수바엘, 수바엘의 아들 예드야, 21르하뱌의 장남 잇시야, 22이스할의 아들 슬로밋, 슬로밋의 아들 야핫, 23헤브론의 장남 여리야, 둘째 아마랴, 셋째 야하시엘, 넷째 여가므암, 24웃시엘의 아들 미가, 미가의 아들 사밀, 25미가의 동생 잇시야, 잇시야의 아들 스가랴, 26므라리의 아들인 마흘리와 무시, 야아시야의 아들 브노, 27야아시야의 또 다른 아들인 소함과 삭굴과 이브리, 28마흘리의 아들로서 자식이 없었던 엘르아살, 29기스의 아들 여라므엘, 30그리고 무시의 아들인 마흘리, 에델, 여리못이었다. 이들은 모두 등록된 레위 집안의 자손들로서 31아론의 자손들과 마찬가지로 자기들의 임무를 맡기 위해 나이와 신분의 구별 없이 제비를 뽑았는데 이 때에도 다윗왕과 사독과 아히멜렉과 그리고 제사장과 레위 집안의 족장들이 그것을 지켜 보고 있었다.
주석 4
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Benson
1 Chronicles 24
Benson Commentary 1 Chronicles 24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:1-2 . These are the divisions of the sons of Aaron — The several branches into which that family was divided. Therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest’s office — Their brethren being dead, and leaving no issue, they and their sons were the only persons to whom the execution of that office could be committed according to the law. 1 Chronicles 24:2 But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office. 1 Chronicles 24:3 And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices in their service. 1 Chronicles 24:3 . And David distributed them, &c. — To avoid all confusion, now that they were much increased, he distributed the priests, as he had done the Levites, into several courses, allotting to each of them the times wherein they should by turns have the government of holy ministrations. 1 Chronicles 24:4 And there were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than of the sons of Ithamar; and thus were they divided. Among the sons of Eleazar there were sixteen chief men of the house of their fathers, and eight among the sons of Ithamar according to the house of their fathers. 1 Chronicles 24:4 . Among the sons of Eleazar were sixteen chief men, &c. — He appointed, therefore, sixteen courses of the sons of Eleazar, under as many heads of their families, and half as many of the posterity of Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:5 Thus were they divided by lot, one sort with another; for the governors of the sanctuary, and governors of the house of God, were of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:5 . Thus were they divided by lot — That the business being committed, in this way, to the Divine disposal, there might be no occasion for complaint, and so all contentions might be prevented, as no man could be charged with partiality, nor could any say they had wrong done them. Solomon says, the lot causes contention to cease. It is evident from the Scriptures, that it was a very ancient custom to refer matters of a doubtful nature to the decision of the lot; and, in particular, persons were often chosen in this way to sacred offices. But, as it is an appeal to God, it ought to be managed with a proper reverence and sincerity. Thus Matthias was chosen to the apostleship by lot with solemn prayer. “And I know not,” says Henry, “but it might still be used, in faith, in parallel cases, as an instituted ordinance.” One sort with another — Both the sons of Eleazar and those of Ithamar were thus chosen, who should wait together. Governors of the house of God — Hebrew, governors of God; that is, the judges, says Houbigant. The ministers of religion are expressed in the foregoing words, the governors of the sanctuary. It is very justly observed by Grotius, that governors of God never signify, in the sacred writings, those that minister to God, but governors in the commonwealth, chiefs, or judges. Were of the sons of Eleazar and the sons of Ithamar — These two families had obtained the chief functions, both in the temple and in the magistracy; which could not be distributed so well any way as by lot, without danger of envy among themselves. 1 Chronicles 24:6 And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them before the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites: one principal household being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:6 . Shemaiah, the scribe, wrote them before the king — Their names were written and put into an urn, out of which the lots were to be drawn: which, that there might be no suspicion of fraud, were drawn before the king, the princes, the high-priest and his assistant, and before the several families of priests and Levites. One principal household being taken for Eleazar, &c. — That is, one of the principal families of Eleazar was first taken, and then one of Ithamar’s, and thus alternately, till all the families of Ithamar had received their lot. And afterward all the lots came forth to the rest of Eleazar’s families, which were double in number to those of Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:7 Now the first lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, 1 Chronicles 24:8 The third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, 1 Chronicles 24:9 The fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin, 1 Chronicles 24:10 The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah, 1 Chronicles 24:11 The ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah, 1 Chronicles 24:12 The eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim, 1 Chronicles 24:13 The thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab, 1 Chronicles 24:14 The fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer, 1 Chronicles 24:15 The seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Aphses, 1 Chronicles 24:16 The nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezekel, 1 Chronicles 24:17 The one and twentieth to Jachin, the two and twentieth to Gamul, 1 Chronicles 24:18 The three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four and twentieth to Maaziah. 1 Chronicles 24:19 These were the orderings of them in their service to come into the house of the LORD, according to their manner, under Aaron their father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. 1 Chronicles 24:19 . These were the orderings of them — In this order and method they were to come to perform the offices of the temple. To come into the house — To come into the temple every sabbath day, and to continue there till the next sabbath, when they were relieved by others. Under Aaron — Under the direction of the high-priest, whom he calls Aaron, because he represented Aaron’s person, and executed his office; and their father — Because of the authority which, by God’s appointment, he had over them. 1 Chronicles 24:20 And the rest of the sons of Levi were these : Of the sons of Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah. 1 Chronicles 24:20 . The rest of the sons of Levi — Either such as were only Levites, and not priests, or such as were not named or numbered before, in this or the former chapter. The sons of Shubael, Jehdeiah — Who being, as it seems, an eminent person, or having a very numerous family, was not reckoned with or under his father’s family, but was accounted as a distinct head of another family. 1 Chronicles 24:21 Concerning Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, the first was Isshiah. 1 Chronicles 24:22 Of the Izharites; Shelomoth: of the sons of Shelomoth; Jahath. 1 Chronicles 24:23 And the sons of Hebron ; Jeriah the first , Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth. 1 Chronicles 24:24 Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah: of the sons of Michah; Shamir. 1 Chronicles 24:25 The brother of Michah was Isshiah: of the sons of Isshiah; Zechariah. 1 Chronicles 24:26 The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi: the sons of Jaaziah; Beno. 1 Chronicles 24:27 The sons of Merari by Jaaziah; Beno, and Shoham, and Zaccur, and Ibri. 1 Chronicles 24:28 Of Mahli came Eleazar, who had no sons. 1 Chronicles 24:29 Concerning Kish: the son of Kish was Jerahmeel. 1 Chronicles 24:30 The sons also of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites after the house of their fathers. 1 Chronicles 24:31 These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites, even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren. 1 Chronicles 24:31 . These likewise cast lots — There was the like solemnity used in their distribution as there was in that of the priests, by casting lots; whereby they knew what Levites should wait in every course with the sons of Aaron. Even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren — These words are somewhat obscure, but the meaning, says Bishop Patrick, is, that both elder and younger had their places by lot, not by seniority of houses: they who were of greater dignity drew lots against those who were of less: and they were to take their courses as they fell either to the elder or the younger family. Benson Commentary on the Old and New Testaments Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Expositors
1 Chronicles 24
Expositor's Bible Commentary 1 Chronicles 24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. The Expositor's Bible Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Illustrator
1 Chronicles 24
But Nadab and Abihu died before their father. 1 Chronicles 24:2 The death of Nadab and Abihu J. Wolfendale. Learn: I. THAT SIN INVERTS THE NATURAL ORDER OF THINGS. "They died before their father." II. THAT SIN DEPRIVES OF BLESSINGS WHICH GOD CAN BESTOW. They "had no children." III. THAT SIN OFTEN OVERWHELMS WITH FEARFUL RUIN. IV. THAT SIN IS OFTEN MENTIONED IN HISTORY TO WARN OF ITS CONSEQUENCES. ( J. Wolfendale. ) Sad deaths J. Wolfendale. I. The sins which caused them. 1. Disobedience to Divine injunction. 2. Gross inconsistency. 3. Rashness in approaching God. 4. Presumptuous in set. II. The PUNISHMENT which followed the sins. 1. A dishonourable death. 2. A sudden death. 3. An overwhelming death. 4. A retributive death. ( J. Wolfendale. )
Matthew Henry
1 Chronicles 24
24:1-31 The divisions of the priests and Levites. - When every one has, knows, and keeps his place and work, the more there are the better. In the mystical body of Christ, every member has its use, for the good of the whole. Christ is High Priest over the house of God, to whom all believers, being made priests, are to be in subjection. In Christ, no difference is made between bond and free, elder and younger. The younger brethren, if faithful and sincere, shall be no less acceptable to Christ than the fathers. May we all be children of the Lord, fitted to sing his praises for ever in his temple above.