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역사서 10–29장: 다윗의 통치

하나님의 백성이 자신들의 뿌리와, 다윗과 맺으신 하나님의 언약을 다시 기억합니다.

역대상은 포로에서 돌아온 공동체를 위해 이스라엘의 역사를 다시 들려줍니다. 책은 아담에서부터 귀환한 포로들까지 이어지는 긴 족보로 시작하며, 그들이 여전히 하나님의 이야기 속에 속해 있음을 보여 줍니다.

저자: 미상; 전통적으로 에스라의 저작으로 봄 · 기록 연대: 기원전 450–400년경 기록된 것으로 추정

책 개요, 구조와 핵심 구절
역대상 19 KLB
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1암몬의 나하스왕이 죽자 그의 아들 하눈이 왕위를 계승하였다. 2이때 다윗은 나하스가 자기에게 은혜를 베풀었으므로 그의 아들 하눈에게 호의를 베풀어야겠다고 생각하였다. 그래서 다윗은 그 아버지의 죽음에 조의를 표하려고 하눈에게 특사를 보냈다. 그러나 다윗이 보낸 조문단이 암몬 땅에 도착했을 때 3하눈의 신하들이 그에게 말하였다. “다윗이 이 조문객들을 보낸 것이 왕의 부친을 공경해서라고 생각하십니까? 아닙니다! 이들은 우리 동태를 살펴 이 성을 함락시키려고 여기에 온 것이 틀림없습니다.” 4그래서 하눈은 다윗이 보낸 조문단을 잡아다가 그들의 수염을 깎고 엉덩이 중앙부에서 그들의 옷을 잘라 아랫도리를 드러낸 채 돌려보냈다. 5다윗은 이 일을 듣고 부끄러워서 어쩔 줄 모르는 그들에게 수염이 다 자랄 때까지 여리고에 머물러 있으라고 지시하였다. 6이때 암몬 사람들은 자기들이 다윗의 비위를 거스른 줄 알고 메소포타미아와 아람 – 마아가와 소바에서 전차와 마병을 고용하기 위해 은 34톤을 주고 7전차 32,000대를 빌렸으며 또 마아가 왕과 그의 군대 지원도 받았다. 이들은 하눈왕이 여러 성에서 징병한 암몬군과 합세하여 메드바에서 진을 치고 싸울 태세를 취하였다. 8다윗은 이것을 듣고 요압과 이스라엘 전 군대를 보내 그들을 치도록 하였다. 9이때 암몬 사람들은 나와서 자기들의 성문 앞에 포진하고 그들을 도우러 온 외국 용병들은 들에서 싸울 태세를 갖추고 있었다. 10요압은 적군이 자기 앞뒤에 있는 것을 보고 정예병을 뽑아 시리아군과 맞서게 하고 11나머지 병력은 그의 동생 아비새에게 맡겨 암몬군과 대치하도록 하였다. 12그러고서 요압은 아비새에게 이렇게 말하였다. “만일 시리아군이 나보다 강하면 네가 와서 나를 도와라. 그러나 암몬군이 너보다 강하면 내가 가서 너를 돕겠다. 13자, 힘을 내어라! 우리 백성과 우리 하나님의 성들을 위해서 용감하게 싸우자. 모든 것은 여호와의 뜻대로 될 것이다.” 14요압과 그의 군대가 시리아군을 공격하자 그들은 도주하기 시작하였다. 15그때 암몬 사람들은 시리아군이 도주하는 것을 보고 아비새 앞에서 도망하여 성 안으로 들어가 버렸다. 그래서 요압은 예루살렘으로 돌아왔다. 16시리아군은 자기들이 이스라엘군에게 패한 것을 알고 유프라테스강 동쪽 지방에서 추가 병력을 모아 하닷에셀왕의 군대 총사령관인 소박의 지휘를 받았다. 17-18 다윗은 이것을 듣고 모든 이스라엘군 을 모아 요단강을 건너가서 시리아군과 맞서 싸웠다. 그러나 이번에도 시리아군은 패하여 도망하였고 이스라엘군은 시리아 전차병 7,000명과 보병 40,000명을 죽이고 또 그들의 총사령관인 소박도 죽였다. 19그리고 하닷에셀에게 예속된 왕들은 시리아군이 패한 것을 보고 다윗에게 항복하여 그의 종이 되었다. 그래서 그 후부터는 시리아 사람이 다시는 암몬 사람을 도우려고 하지 않았다.
주석 4
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Benson
1 Chronicles 19
Benson Commentary 1 Chronicles 19:1 Now it came to pass after this, that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead. A.M. 2967. — B.C. 1037. David’s friendly message to King Hanun, 1 Chronicles 19:1 , 1 Chronicles 19:2 . Hanun’s base usage of his ambassadors, 1 Chronicles 19:3-5 . The Ammonites prepare for war, 1 Chronicles 19:6 , 1 Chronicles 19:7 . David overthrows them and the Syrians, 1 Chronicles 19:8-19 . 1 Chronicles 19:1 . Nahash the king of the children of Ammon died — Of the contents of this chapter, see the notes on 2 Samuel 10. 1 Chronicles 19:2 . David said, I will show kindness unto Hanun — Religion teaches us to be civil and obliging to all; to honour all men, and to be ready to do all offices of kindness to those among whom we live: and difference in the modes and forms of religion, or even in religion itself, must be no obstruction to it. But, besides this, David remembered the kindness which his father had showed him. They that have received kindness should return it as they have ability and opportunity: and they that have received it from the parents, should return it to the children when the parents are gone. 1 Chronicles 19:6 . The children of Ammon saw they had made themselves odious to David — It would therefore have been their wisdom to have desired conditions of peace, to have humbled themselves and offered any satisfaction for the injury they had done him; and the rather, because they had made themselves not only odious to David, but obnoxious to the justice of God, who is the king of nations, and will assert the injured rights, and maintain the violated laws of nations. But, instead of this, they prepared for war, and so brought upon themselves those desolations which David never intended them. 1 Chronicles 19:19 . They made peace with David, and became his servants — Those who have meddled with strife that belonged not to them, and have found that they meddled to their own hurt, do well to learn wisdom at length, and meddle no further. Let those who have in vain stood it out against God, be thus wise for themselves, and agree with him quickly while they are in the way with him. Let them become his servants, for they are undone if they remain his enemies. 1 Chronicles 19:2 And David said, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, because his father shewed kindness to me. And David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. So the servants of David came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him. 1 Chronicles 19:3 But the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? are not his servants come unto thee for to search, and to overthrow, and to spy out the land? 1 Chronicles 19:4 Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the midst hard by their buttocks, and sent them away. 1 Chronicles 19:5 Then there went certain , and told David how the men were served. And he sent to meet them: for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return. 1 Chronicles 19:6 And when the children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Hanun and the children of Ammon sent a thousand talents of silver to hire them chariots and horsemen out of Mesopotamia, and out of Syriamaachah, and out of Zobah. 1 Chronicles 19:7 So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of Maachah and his people; who came and pitched before Medeba. And the children of Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and came to battle. 1 Chronicles 19:8 And when David heard of it , he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men. 1 Chronicles 19:9 And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array before the gate of the city: and the kings that were come were by themselves in the field. 1 Chronicles 19:10 Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose out of all the choice of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians. 1 Chronicles 19:11 And the rest of the people he delivered unto the hand of Abishai his brother, and they set themselves in array against the children of Ammon. 1 Chronicles 19:12 And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will help thee. 1 Chronicles 19:13 Be of good courage, and let us behave ourselves valiantly for our people, and for the cities of our God: and let the LORD do that which is good in his sight. 1 Chronicles 19:14 So Joab and the people that were with him drew nigh before the Syrians unto the battle; and they fled before him. 1 Chronicles 19:15 And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem. 1 Chronicles 19:16 And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them. 1 Chronicles 19:17 And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel, and passed over Jordan, and came upon them, and set the battle in array against them. So when David had put the battle in array against the Syrians, they fought with him. 1 Chronicles 19:18 But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host. 1 Chronicles 19:19 And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and became his servants: neither would the Syrians help the children of Ammon any more. Benson Commentary on the Old and New Testaments Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Expositors
1 Chronicles 19
Expositor's Bible Commentary 1 Chronicles 19:1 Now it came to pass after this, that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead. The Expositor's Bible Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Illustrator
1 Chronicles 19
And David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. 1 Chronicles 19:1-5 The menage of condolence J. Wolfendale. I. THE GENEROUS MESSAGE OF DAVID. 1. In its accession. 2. In its form. II. THE DISGRACEFUL TREATMENT OF DAVID'S MESSENGERS. Shaving their beards and shortening their garments, a double insult in the East, where long beards and long garments are badges of honour. Many Orientals would rather die than lose their beards (signs of dignity and ornaments of freedom), and Turks used to regard beardless Europeans as runaway slaves. III. THE CONSIDERATE KINDNESS FOR THE DISGRACED MESSENGERS. ( J. Wolfendale. ) Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father Suspicions J. Reid Howatt. Don't be suspicious. Some people think they are very clever in finding out what is wrong where no one else sees anything amiss, and these often make themselves very ridiculous. Tennyson, when a young man, was walking through Wales, on his way back from the Continent, and turned into a little wayside inn, where an old man sat by the fire, and asked many questions in s very suspicious fashion. "Are you from the army? Not from the army? Then where do you come from?" he bluntly asked at last. "I am just come from the Pyrenees," said the poet. "Ah, I knew there was 'a something!'" was the knowing clincher of the old man. Could anything have been more ridiculous? Don't be suspicious; think the best, believe the best, love the best; remember that everybody finds just what he seeks. You will always find "a something" if it is "a something" you are seeking, but you will also always find what is good and beautiful if you are in search of that. ( J. Reid Howatt. ) And when the children of Ammon. 1 Chronicles 19:6-9 Avenging an insult J. Wolfendale. I. INSULT SPRINGING FROM SLIGHT PROVOCATION. 1. From a suspicious mind. 2. From advice of jealous princes. II. INSULT LEADING TO UNJUST WAR. This War might have been avoided by an honourable apology or better understanding. One evil leads to smother. III. WAR TERMINATING IN DISGRACEFUL OVERTHROW. ( J. Wolfendale. ) Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him. 1 Chronicles 19:16-18 The war-cry J. Wolfendale. I. THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH THEY FOUGHT. II. THE METHOD IN WHICH THEY FOUGHT. 1. A wise economy of forces. 2. A determination to render mutual help. III. THE SPIRIT IN WHICH THEY FOUGHT. 1. Of exalted courage. 2. Of true patriotism. 3. Of submission to God. ( J. Wolfendale. )
Matthew Henry
1 Chronicles 19
19:1-19 David's wars. - The history is here repeated which we read 2Sa 10. The only safety of sinners consists in submitting to the Lord, seeking peace with him, and becoming his servants. Let us assist each other in a good cause; but let us fear lest, while made instruments of good to others, we should come short of salvation, through unbelief and sin.