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詩歌・知恵文学 107–150章: 第五巻

イスラエルの賛美集であり祈りの書である詩篇は、人生のあらゆる季節に、神の前で語ることばを与えてくれます。

詩篇は、五巻に分けられた150の歌と祈りの集成です。賛美の歌、苦難の時の嘆き、悔い改めの祈り、感謝の歌、知恵の詩篇、そして神が油を注がれた王を待ち望む王の詩篇などが含まれています。

著者: ダビデほか（アサフ、コラの子たち、ソロモン、モーセなど） · 年代: 数世紀にわたって執筆（紀元前1400–400年頃）

書の概要・アウトライン・鍵となる聖句
詩篇 111 JLB
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1 1-2 ハレルヤ。 私がどれほど主に感謝しているか、 人々に知ってほしいと思います。 感謝を忘れない人たちよ、 さあいっしょに、主のなさった数々の奇跡を 思い巡らしましょう。 3この奇跡こそ、神の栄誉と威厳、 そして永遠の恵みを物語るものです。 4だれが、主のあわれみと恵みを簡単に忘れるでしょう。 5主はご自分に信頼を寄せる人に食物を与え、 決して約束を破棄なさいません。 6神はご自分の民を大きな力で支え、 多くの民族が住んでいた、 イスラエルの地をお与えになりました。 7神のなさることはみな正しく、 そのおきてはどれ一つ取っても誤りがありません。 8神のおきては真理と恵みで成り立っていて、 永遠に続きます。 9主に身の代金を払っていただいた民は、 今や自由に神の前に出入りできるのです。 10人はどうすれば知恵をみがけるでしょうか。 それには、主を信じて従うことです。 神のおきてを守ってこそ、賢くなれるのです。 神を永遠にほめたたえましょう。
注解 4
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Benson
Psalms 111
Benson Commentary Psalm 111:1 Praise ye the LORD. I will praise the LORD with my whole heart, in the assembly of the upright, and in the congregation. Psalm 111:1-2 . I will praise the Lord with my whole heart — I will make my acknowledgments to him, and give him thanks for the displays which he hath made of his wisdom, power, and goodness in his wonderful works, and that not only with my lips, and with some slight affections of my mind, but with all my heart and soul: in the assembly, &c. — Hebrew, ???? , besod, in the secret, or private society, as Bishop Patrick interprets it, of the upright — Or righteous; “of those good men with whom I am more particularly acquainted,” and in the congregation — The public congregation of the people of Israel. The works of the Lord are great — Very magnificent. They are like himself; there is nothing in them that is mean or trifling. They are the products of infinite wisdom and power, which we must acknowledge upon the first view of them, before we come to inquire into them more particularly. They astonish and strike us with awe the moment we behold them. Every one of them, whether in the natural or spiritual system, is marvellous. “Nothing cometh from the hands of the Divine Artist but what is excellent and perfect in its kind, adapted with infinite skill to its proper place, and fitted for its intended use.” Sought out of all them that take pleasure therein — Of all who take delight in observing and considering them: such highly value and regard these works: they frequently call them to mind, meditate upon, and give themselves up to the contemplation of them. And happy are they who do this with humility and diligence, with faith and devotion. “To them shall the gate of true science open; they shall understand the mysteries of creation, providence, and redemption; and they who thus seek shall find the treasures of eternal wisdom.” — Horne. Psalm 111:2 The works of the LORD are great, sought out of all them that have pleasure therein. Psalm 111:3 His work is honourable and glorious: and his righteousness endureth for ever. Psalm 111:3-4 . His work — Either all his works, or that eminent branch of them, his providence toward his people, as is expressed afterward; is honourable and glorious — Becoming the Divine Majesty, and bringing glory to him from all that observe and consider it. And his righteousness — His justice or faithfulness in performing his word; endureth for ever — Hath always been, and will still be, evident to his people in all generations, and in all conditions, even when he afflicts them, and seems to deal most severely, and to break his promise with them. He hath made his wonderful works to be remembered — Either, 1st, By those memorials which he hath left of them in his word; or, rather, 2d, By their own wonderful nature, and their lasting effects, and the benefits flowing from them, which are such as cannot easily be forgotten. The Lord is full of compassion — Toward his people, as appears from his works and conduct toward us, in sparing, pardoning, restoring, and preserving us, when we deserved to be utterly destroyed. Psalm 111:4 He hath made his wonderful works to be remembered: the LORD is gracious and full of compassion. Psalm 111:5 He hath given meat unto them that fear him: he will ever be mindful of his covenant. Psalm 111:5-6 . He hath given meat — All necessary provisions for their being and well-being; unto them that fear him — To the Israelites, the only people in the world that feared and worshipped the true God according to his will, and especially to those among them that truly feared him, and, for their sakes, to the body of that nation, as well in the wilderness as in their following straits and miseries. He will ever be — Or, he hath ever been, mindful of his covenant — Which he made with Abraham, and with his seed for ever; whereby he engaged to be their God, and to provide all necessaries for them. He hath showed — Not only by his words, but by his actions; the power of his works — His mighty power in his works, and especially, as it here follows, in giving them the heritage of the heathen, the land of Canaan, which had been possessed and inherited by the heathen. Psalm 111:6 He hath shewed his people the power of his works, that he may give them the heritage of the heathen. Psalm 111:7 The works of his hands are verity and judgment; all his commandments are sure. Psalm 111:7-9 . The works of his hands — All that he doth, either on the behalf of his people, or against his or their enemies; are verity and judgment — Are exactly agreeable to his word or promises, and to the rules of eternal justice. All his commandments — His laws given to the Israelites, especially the moral law, considered with its sanctions, the promises made to the observers of it, and the threatenings denounced against transgressors; are sure — Constant and unchangeable, as being grounded upon the immutable rules of justice and equity. They stand fast, Hebrew, ?????? , semuchim, they are established upon a sure foundation; and are done — Constituted or ordered; in truth and uprightness — With a sincere regard to the good and happiness of mankind, and without the least shadow of partiality or iniquity, and they will then appear in perfect glory and beauty, when all the arts and labours of man shall cease to exist. He sent redemption unto his people — That deliverance out of Egypt, which was a type and pledge of that greater and higher redemption, which is by the Messiah. He hath commanded — Appointed, or firmly established, by his power and authority; his covenant for ever — Through all successive generations of his people, to the end of the world; for the covenant is the same for substance in all ages, and differed only in circumstances. Holy and reverend is his name — Terrible to his enemies, venerable in his people’s eyes, and holy in all his dealings with all men. Psalm 111:8 They stand fast for ever and ever, and are done in truth and uprightness. Psalm 111:9 He sent redemption unto his people: he hath commanded his covenant for ever: holy and reverend is his name. Psalm 111:10 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: a good understanding have all they that do his commandments : his praise endureth for ever. Psalm 111:10 . The fear of the Lord — That is, piety, or true religion, which consists in the fear, or worship and service of God; is the beginning of wisdom — Is the only foundation of, and introduction to, all true wisdom: or, is the chief part, the first and principal point of wisdom. A good understanding have all they that do his commandments — That conscientiously walk according to them; for the practice of them, as Bishop Patrick observes, “gives men a better understanding of what is good for them, than any politic maxims can infuse into them.” His praise endureth for ever — Let the Lord be for ever praised, who hath given us these good and wholesome laws, and thereby shown us the way to eternal honour and happiness. But the Hebrew may be rendered, the praise of it, that is, of the wisdom and good understanding of those that fear the Lord, endureth, or standeth fast, as ???? , signifies, for ever: this will procure them such a substantial happiness as they can never be deprived of, either in this world or the next. Benson Commentary on the Old and New Testaments Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Expositors
Psalms 111
Expositor's Bible Commentary Psalm 111:1 Praise ye the LORD. I will praise the LORD with my whole heart, in the assembly of the upright, and in the congregation. Psalm 111:1-10 ANOTHER series of psalms headed with Hallelujah begins here and includes the two following psalms. The prefix apparently indicates liturgical use. The present psalm is closely allied to the next. Both are acrostic and correspond verse to verse, as will appear in the exposition. Together they represent God and the godly, this psalm magnifying the Divine character and acts, the other painting the ideal godly man as, in some real fashion, an "imitator of God as a beloved child." Both are gnomic, and built up by accumulation of slightly connected particulars, rather than flowing continuously in a sequence which springs from one pregnant thought. Both have allusions to other psalms and to the Book of Proverbs, and share with many of the psalms of Book 5 the character of being mainly working over of old materials. The psalmist begins by a vow to thank Jehovah with his whole heart, and immediately proceeds to carry it out. "The upright" is by some understood as a national designation, and "council" taken as equivalent to "congregation." But it is more in accordance with usage to regard the psalmist as referring first to a narrower circle of like-minded lovers of good, to whose congenial ears be rejoices to sing. There was an Israel within Israel, who would sympathise with his song. The "congregation" is then either the wider audience of the gathered people, or, as Delitzsch takes it, equivalent to "their congregation" -i.e., of the upright. The theme of thanksgiving is as ever, God’s works for Israel; and the first characteristic of these which the psalmist sings is their greatness. He will come closer presently, and discern more delicate features, but now, the magnitude of these colossal manifestations chiefly animates his song. Far stretching in their mass and in their consequences, deep rooted in God’s own character, His great deeds draw the eager search of "those who delight in them." These are the same sympathetic auditors to whom the song is primarily addressed. There were indolent beholders in Israel, before whom the works of God were passed without exciting the faintest desire to know more of their depth. Such careless onlookers, who see and see not, are rife in all ages. God shines out in His deeds, and they will not give one glance of sharpened interest. But the test of caring for His doings is the effort to comprehend their greatness, and plunge oneself into their depths. The more one gazes, the more one sees. What was at first but dimly apprehended as great resolves itself, as we look; and, first, "Honour and majesty," the splendour of His reflected character, shine out from His deeds, and then, when still more deeply they are pondered, the central fact of their righteousness, their conformity to the highest standard of rectitude, becomes patent. Greatness and majesty, divorced from righteousness, would be no theme for praise. Such greatness is littleness, such splendour is phosphorescent corruption. These general contemplations are followed in Psalm 111:4-6 by references to Israel’s history as the greatest example of God’s working. "He has made a memorial for His wonders." Some find here a reference to the Passover and other feasts commemorative of the deliverance from Egypt. But it is better to think of Israel itself as the "memorial," or of the deeds themselves, in their remembrance by men, as being, as it were, a monument of His power. The men whom God has blessed are standing evidences of His wonders. "Ye are My witnesses, saith the Lord." And the great attribute, which is commemorated by that "memorial," is Jehovah’s gracious compassion. The psalmist presses steadily towards the centre of the Divine nature. God’s works become eloquent of more and more precious truth as he listens to their voice. They spoke of greatness, honour, majesty, righteousness, but tenderer qualities are revealed to the loving and patient gazer. The two standing proofs of Divine kindness are the miraculous provision of food in the desert and the possession of the promised land. But to the psalmist these are not past deeds to be remembered only, but continually repeated operations. "He remembers His covenant forever," and so the experiences of the fathers are lived over again by the children, and today is as full of God as yesterday was. Still He feeds us, still He gives us our heritage. From Psalm 111:7 onwards a new thought comes in. God has spoken as well as wrought. His very works carry messages of "truth and judgment," and they are interpreted further by articulate precepts, which are at once a revelation of what He is and a law for what we should be. His law stands as fast as His righteousness ( Psalm 111:3 , Psalm 111:8 ). A man may utterly trust His commandments. They abide eternally, for Duty is ever Duty, and His Law, "while it has a surface of temporary ceremonial, has a core of immutable requirement. His commandments are done -i.e., appointed by Him-"in truth and uprightness." They are tokens of His grace and revelations of His character. The two closing verses have three clauses each, partly from the exigencies of the acrostic structure, and partly to secure a more impressive ending. Psalm 111:9 sums up all God’s works in the two chief manifestations of His goodness which should ever live in Israel’s thanks, His sending redemption and His establishing His everlasting covenant-the two facts which are as fresh today, under new and better forms, as when long ago this unknown psalmist sang. And he gathers up the total impression which God’s dealings should leave, in the great saying, "Holy and dread is His name." In Psalm 111:10 he somewhat passes the limits of his theme, and trenches on the territory of the next psalm, which is already beginning to shape itself in his mind. The designation of the fear of the Jehovah as "the beginning of wisdom" is from Proverbs 1:7 ; Proverbs 9:10 . "Beginning" may rather mean "principal part" Proverbs 4:7 , principal thing). The them of Psalm 111:10 b is best referred, though the expression is awkward, to "commandments" in Psalm 111:7 . Less probably it is taken to allude to the "fear" and "wisdom" of the previous clause. The two clauses of this verse descriptive of the godly correspond in structure to a-and b of Psalm 111:9 , and the last clause corresponds to the last of that verse, expressing the continual praise which should rise to that holy and dread Name. Note that the perpetual duration, which has been predicated of God’s attributes, precepts, and covenant ( Psalm 111:3 , Psalm 111:5 , Psalm 111:8 , Psalm 111:9 ), is here ascribed to His praise. Man’s songs cannot fall dumb, so long as God pours out Himself in such deeds. As long as that Sun streams across the desert, stony lips will part in music to hail its beams. The Expositor's Bible Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Illustrator
Psalms 111
Praise ye the Lord. I will praise the Lord with my whole heart . Psalm 111 The highest work of mankind -- praising God Homilist. I. A NOBLE RESOLUTION FOR THIS HIGHEST WORK. 1. Thoroughness. "With my whole heart."(1) Without this thoroughness it would be unacceptable to God. "He abhors the sacrifice where not the heart is found."(2) Without this thoroughness it will yield no happiness to ourselves.(3) Without this thoroughness it will not be continuous, but broken, desultory, and worthless. 2. Publicity. Man has to do with society, he lives in society, and by it; and if he is thorough, worship will come out in every conversation, in every act, in the sublimity of the look, in the dignity of gait. II. A MIGHTY ARGUMENT FOR THIS HIGHEST WORK. Founded upon — 1. The works of God.(1) They are here spoken of generally. His works, whether of creation, government, or redemption, whether in connection with matter or mind, are in every sense great, infinitely great in number, variety, and perfection. It is here implied, however, that their greatness is only seen by those who search for them, "sought out." Their greatness is not in their bulk, their form, their colour, but in their essence, their plan, their uses, their relations, their bearings, etc. That those only search into them who have pleasure in them. A man must be interested in the works of God before he will study them. And to be interested in them he must love their Author. Hence piety is the spring of true philosophy.(2) They are spoken of specifically. His works are grand. Whatever He does in nature is worthy of Himself, who Himself is "clothed with honour and majesty" ( Psalm 104:1 ). Wonderful. Can the greatest created intellect in the universe comprehend all concerning what appears to be the most insignificant work of God? Memorable. Can anything impress the human soul like the worlds of God? Beneficent (ver. 5). Truthful (ver. 7). 2. The character of God.(1) His rectitude (ver. 3).(2) His mercifulness (ver. 4).(3) His faithfulness (vers. 5, 7). III. AN ESSENTIAL QUALIFICATION FOR THIS HIGHEST WORK (ver. 10). 1. This "fear of the Lord," or piety, is the commencement of wisdom. He who has not a reverential love for God has not learnt the first lessons of true wisdom. True philosophy begins in piety. 2. The "fear of the Lord," or piety, secures a sound understanding. ( Homilist. ) Hallelujah J. Irons. "Praise ye the Lord." Just as though the psalmist would say, "Whether you will or no, I will; I will praise Him, if I am alone in doing so; I will praise Him with my whole heart — with all the fervour, spirituality, and sincerity with which I am endowed; I will praise the Lord with all my heart; and, in order that I may not be alone in praising Him, I will get into 'the assembly of the upright,' and probably some of my rustic notes will induce them to praise Him also; and Jehovah shall have the entire revenue of praise and glory that can be sounded forth from all the ransomed souls on earth, and all the ransomed souls in heaven." I. AN EXHORTATION. "Praise ye the Lord." 1. This exhortation is addressed to those who possess a capacity to praise God — a heaven-born life — a quickened nature. It must be the praise of the soul, called into exercise under the immediate operation of the graces of the Holy Spirit. 2. Those persons who have a spiritual capacity — who have been born from above — have many reasons for praising God. Has this mighty God, to whom we sound our hosannahs, put forth His operations of grace, touched your proud, rebellious heart, nay, created a spiritual capacity in you, implanted all His own graces, opened your eyes to your own ruin and the law's terrors, and then opened them to see the light of the glorious Gospel? If so, can you cease to praise the Lord? II. A vow. "I will praise the Lord." I verily believe that we have not paid attention enough to the act of praise, as going forth from the inmost soul. We may have paid more attention to the act of prayer, we may have paid more attention to the act of believing; we may have paid more attention to the act of humiliation before God in deep repentance; all these are very important; but shall we forget to praise Him? shall we forget to acknowledge the infinite debt of gratitude we owe to Him? What should we think of creatures who did this towards each other? How many thousands of providences, of a most momentous description, has He overruled for us, and not received any return of praise? How many thousands of prayers has He answered, and we not given a single tribute of praise? III. EXPERIMENTAL GODLINESS. "With my whole heart." This includes spirituality, simplicity, and earnestness. There seems something of emulation in this expression — "with my whole heart"; and sure I am, that when the Holy Ghost enables us to move upwards in the spirit of praise, troubles, difficulties, temptations, snares, enemies, afflictions, sorrows, death itself, have no power to harm us; the spirit of praise bears us above all, carries us within celestial regions, where we seem to mingle our praises with the hallelujahs of glorified spirits around the throne. "With my whole heart." IV. THE RELATIVE POSITION. "In the assembly of the upright and in the congregation." Where am I to find "the assembly of the upright"? The man that is upright before God has owned or confessed the worst he knows of his case before the footstool of Divine mercy, he has thrown open his books, he has declared his insolvency to the law and justice of God, he adopts the very language of the psalmist, "I acknowledged my sin unto Thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid"; and instead of offering any compromise or making any specious promises, he betakes himself to the Divine Surety, of whom he obtains by faith a perfect obedience, a full satisfaction, a perfect righteousness, and presents them before God as His own. Thus he is accepted before the throne as an upright character. His condemnation is removed — his justification proclaimed — his absolution is enjoyed (without the interference of infidel priests) — his sanctification is given to him, and his glorification waits for him. ( J. Irons. ) Whole-hearted praise Homiletic Review. I. WITHOUT WHOLE-HEARTEDNESS OUR PRAISE IS NOT ACCEPTABLE TO GOD. He requires us, not ours. "He abhors the sacrifice where not the heart is found." II. WITHOUT WHOLE-HEARTEDNESS IT WILL YIELD NO HAPPINESS TO OURSELVES. There is no true enjoyment in any service not rendered with the whole soul. No man is ever happy in any enterprise into which he cannot throw his whole being. III. WITHOUT THIS WHOLE-HEARTEDNESS IT WILL NOT BE CONTINUOUS. ( Homiletic Review. ) The works of the Lord are great, sought out of all them that have pleasure therein. Psalm 111:2 The greatness of the works of God S. Summers. Greatness, when attributed to the works of man, is a relative term, and it is only correct in one direction. Our works can only be great in comparison with the works of other men; they can have no greatness in relation to Gad, or to His operations. Our utmost skill cannot go beyond new combinations, or new discoveries of existing things; we can neither create nor preserve. Our knowledge results from creation; when correct it agrees with its works; but with God, creation results from knowledge — the prototype of it existed in the eternal mind before He began to work ( Acts 15:18 ). I. THE GREATNESS OF THE WORKS OF GOD. 1. Their immensity. What a wonderful incomprehensible work was it to produce the matter which forms our globe! Yet our planet is but a small part of the solar system: there are spheres many times larger than our world, revolving at immense distances round the same sun. The sun itself is but one among millions of suns, which in boundless space enlighten other worlds, and are the centres of other systems. We are at once lost in the vastness of creation, in the immensity of being God has called into existence; and are oppressed with an overpowering sense of the magnitude of His works. 2. Their variety. The water affects the land, the land affects the water, an endless diversity of influences of different substances on each other are perpetually producing specific and well-ascertained results. Beings possessed of life were created from inanimate substance: by the infinite power of God the sea and land brought forth abundantly, the vegetable and animal kingdoms were called into existence by the Creator's voice, and the tribes of land and ocean proclaim the magnitude of His work. 3. The preservation and government of the world. Cause and effect is not a necessary but an ordained connection; the energy that works is not that of the instrument but that of God; substances operate upon one another in a natural way, by which we mean an habitual, ordinary manner; but it is God who causes them so to operate; whatever is the instrument its efficacy is from God. 4. His moral government over voluntary and accountable beings. What a vast work must it be to educe order out of the chaotic workings of human minds; to maintain a system of operation and government over myriads of beings, who live as they list, preserving their own schemes of aggrandizement and gratification, without any reference to the will of God: and yet the mightiest of men can accomplish nothing but what God permits, and frequently they are working out, though contrary to their own intentions, the purposes of the Eternal Mind. 5. His greatest work is redemption. It unveils the whole character of God. In the natural world we behold manifestations of His power and wisdom; in His providential government we may learn something of His justice and goodness; but neither of these perfections is so gloriously exhibited as in the Gospel of His Son, where His love and mercy shine with unclouded lustre. II. SUCCESSFUL INQUIRY IS IN PROPORTION TO THE DEEP INTEREST WE TAKE IN THE WORKS OF GOD. We must love truth, and justice, and mercy, before we can in any degree estimate the expression of Divine love and justice in saving sinners by the gift and death of the Son of God. ( S. Summers. ) The worlds of God, in nature, providence, and grace H. F. Fell, M.A. I. IN NATURE. Every clod of earth teems with animation; every drop of water swarms with animalculae. Surely curiosity might induce us to seek out the works of God even if we had no other motive than mere inquisitiveness and curiosity. But we cannot examine these things as we ought without feelings of lively gratitude, that through the life-giving power of Jehovah everything ministers either to the necessities or to the convenience of man. But there is a still more familiar manifestation of the works of God which we should meditate upon. I wish you to turn your reflections upon yourselves. Contemplate the human body; observe the union of its several parts, and their fitness for the particular purpose for which they are designed; mark the composition and appearance of the whole; what incomparable workmanship is perceptible in the whole frame. II. IN PRESERVATION. III. IN GRACE. We look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness. Since, then, all things are yours if ye are Christ's, whether the world, or life, or death, or things present or things to come, let us call to mind that we have them as the subject matter of privilege; as the subject matter of improvement here, and as the subjects of praise throughout eternity. ( H. F. Fell, M.A. ) The works of the Lord G. J. Zollikofer, D.D. 1. Consider —(1) The variety and multiplicity of the objects that constitute theearth and the creatures that dwell on it. How varied is the form of its surface! What an alternation of enormous ridges with summits of different heights, of hills and plains, of spacious, open fields, and of impassable, impenetrable forests, of continents and seas, rivers and lakes! What diversity and what riches in various kinds of precious gems, stones, ores, minerals, lie concealed in its bowels! What a world of wonders is enclosed in its fathomless abysses!(2) Their beauty — no less great and admirable than their variety; consider the outline, the form, the hues, the infinitely blending shades of colours, the delicate texture, the artificial structure, the arrangement and composition of the several parts of every herb, every flower, every leaf, every tree, every plant, every greater and smaller, visible, and invisible, animal.(3) The accurate and admirable connection that subsists between the several parts and creatures of the earth, causing them all to promote one grand design, the greatest possible welfare of the living.(4) The gradual progress of all things to higher perfection. See how the plant, the tree expands, grows, flourishes, arrives at maturity, bears fruit, propagates and multiplies, from a seed so small as to be indiscernible to thy naked eye; how the crawling maggot rises into a butterfly; how every animal gradually acquires and communicates to others his agility, his powers, his habitudes; how the infant grows into the stripling, the youth into the man, and the man into the citizen of another world.(5) The magnitude and inexhaustibility of the energies which animate and actuate all nature; those energies which operate so uniformly and silently, and yet so powerfully and irresistibly in all and through all; those energies which are in perpetual exertion through all successive evolutions, renovations, transformations of the whole innumerable host of creatures, and through all their efforts and effects, and in such various methods; those energies which, from what appears to be confusion and strife, produce the fairest harmony — from what we term death and destruction, incessant life and action. 2. Having considered these things, ascend in thought to the original, eternal energy, from whence these powers are derived — to the original, eternal fount of life, from whence these several kinds of life and efficacy flow — to the Supreme Dispenser of all that joy which fills the capacity of thy soul — to that God who predisposed, accomplished, and called them into being, who bears, upholds, connects, enlivens, and rejoices all, who through them all reveals Himself to His intelligent creature — man — speaks to him by a thousand voices, appears to him in a thousand varied forms, and in all and by all as Author, Benefactor, Father. ( G. J. Zollikofer, D.D. ) The order and beauty of the visible creation S. Bourn. I THE GRANDEUR AND SIMPLICITY OF THE WORKS OF GOD. How low and contemptible are all the proudest works of men compared to those of God! Could we suppose a person in full maturity of sense and understanding, but who had never seen the light of the sun and the face of nature, presented on a sudden with an ample prospect of the sublime canopy of heaven, the blazing sun, the illumined atmosphere, and the florid earth diversified with its various landscapes; how would the appearance astonish and transport him, stamp at once on his mind the new ideas of grandeur and beauty, and excite his veneration of the wisdom and power of God! II. THE UNIFORMITY AND VARIETY WHICH APPEAR IN THE WORKS OF CREATION. The heavens above, and the earth beneath, continue the same from age to age; yet afford a diversity of successive spectacles: the clouded, the clear, the parti-coloured sky; the nocturnal darkness, the meridian light. If we examine carefully the minuter productions of nature, the smallest insects, or the leaves, flowers, and fruits of plants, we find a wonderful mixture of the various and the uniform, that strikes the mind with a pleasing idea of order and beauty. III. THE PERPETUAL CIRCULATIONS DISCERNIBLE IN THE WORLD. The sun, moon, and stars perform their appointed courses with a stated unerring motion. What is it that unholds and directs them? How come they to know their seasons and courses? What enables them to travel incessantly with the same unremitting force? Why they never fall to the earth? Or wander through the pathless desert of the sky? In a word, why they never err? — These questions will necessarily turn our attention to the unerring wisdom of the Creator. IV. THE REGULAR PROPORTIONS OBSERVABLE IN THE SEVERAL PARTS OF THE WORLD, are a further evidence of creative wisdom in the structure of the whole. For as in the fabric of every plant and animal, the several parts bear a due proportion to each other and to the whole, so it is of the world in general: the parts were all formed by rule and measure, proportionate to each other and to the whole system. V. THE MULTIPLICITY OF EFFECTS IN NATURE FLOWING FROM THE SAME CAUSE; AND THE COMBINATION OF A MULTITUDE OF CAUSES TO THE SAME EFFECT. The single principle of gravitation, pervading the universe, at the same time gives solidity to the land, stability to the mountains, and fluency to the rivers; binds the ocean to its bed, and the whole earth to its orbit; maintains the due distance of the heavenly bodies; and retains everything through universal nature in its proper situation. Similar to this is the single principle of benevolence in the moral world: which in like manner is diffused through human nature, and produces, according to its different modifications, various beneficial effects: hence parental care; relative union; combination of friends; public spirit; good government of superiors; fidelity of inferiors; and it is this which retains every individual in his proper sphere, cements human society, and contributes to all virtuous actions, honourable pursuits, and innocent delights. How should it excite the inquisitive understanding, and affect the religious temper, of every considerate person, to find the whole world framed and disposed, and all the elemental parts of it contending and co-operating in a perpetual motion, to please and benefit the human race! ( S. Bourn. ) On seeking out the worlds of the Lord and praising Him J. Slade, M. A. "The works of the Lord are great;" yet, great as they are, they cannot be understood nor perceived by those who are absorbed in earthly ideas and pursuits. The works of the Lord must be "sought out"; that is, they must be mindfully and diligently observed, in order to their being adequately understood: nay, if we would know anything of their vastness or their excellency. We must be in the constant habit of connecting the ordinary operations and occurrences of life with a higher power, with the counsel and government of heaven; a gracious promise is given, that "all things shall work together for good to them that love God"; and we must be always endeavouring to trace this working, and observe the striking manner in which this effect is produced. Nor can any, but the pious and faithful servant of God, find delight in this holy and profitable exercise; and the longer he lives, the more clearly he perceives the hand of the Almighty in everything; in discomforting the evil and blessing the good: he sees and admires the wonders of grace, as well as the wonders of providence, vouchsafed to others as well as himself; to the Church in all ages. In all the good he receives or does, and all the evil he escapes or prevents, he traces the power and mercy of his God: "Not unto me, O Lord, not unto me, but unto Thy name be the glory and the praise." Thus he imitates the conduct of the psalmist, recorded in the text, "I will give thanks unto the Lord with my whole heart": all the power of his understanding and all the affections of his soul are employed in magnifying the majesty and loving-kindness of the "Author and giver of every good gift." And the grateful Christian imitates the psalmist yet farther; he does not hide the sense of God's goodness within his own bosom; but declares it openly as opportunity serves. ( J. Slade, M. A. ) New interest in God's works John Hunter, D.D. An American poet tells us, in one of his letters, how he once met an aged French priest on the Pacific Railway. The priest told him that he was on a journey round the world, and that he had been put up to that by a dream. He dreamed that he had died, and he met the good God, who asked him how he liked the world he had come from. He was obliged to confess that he had not looked at it very much: for the whole time he was there he had been busy getting himself ready to die, and getting other people ready to die — as if getting ready to die were the chief end of man here below. When he awoke he resolved that, old as he was, if the good God would only let him stay on in this world a little while longer, he would take a good look at it before he was summoned to pass another such examination. So he had furnished himself with some little books in physical geography and the like, and was reading, and looking, and thus preparing for the other world by trying to get all the real and Divine good he could out of this earth. ( John Hunter, D.D. ) His work is honourable and glorious: and His righteousness endureth for ever . Psalm 111:3 God and the godly A. Maclaren, D.D. (with Psalm 112:3 ): — These two psalms are obviously intended as a pair. They are identical in number of verses, and in structure, both being acrostic, that is to say, the first clause of each commences with the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, the second clause with the second, and so on. The general idea that runs through them is the likeness of the godly man to God. Worship is, or should be, adoration of and yearning after the highest conceivable good. Such an attitude must necessarily lead to imitation, and be crowned by resemblance. Love makes like, and they who worship God are bound to, and certainly will, in proportion to the ardour and sincerity of their devotion, grow like Him whom they adore. I. IN ENDURING RIGHTEOUSNESS. That seems a bold thing to say, especially when we remember how lofty and transcendent were the Old Testament conceptions of the righteousness of God. But, lofty as these were, this psalmist lifts an unpresumptuous eye to the heavens, and having said of Him who dwells there: "His righteousness endureth for ever," is not afraid to turn to the humble worshipper on this low earth, and declare the same thing of him. Our finite, frail, feeble lives may be really conformed to the image of the heavenly. The dew-drop with its little rainbow is a miniature of the great arch that spans the earth and rises into the high heavens. And so, though there are differences, deep and impassable, between anything that can be called a creatural righteousness and that which bears the same name in the heavens, the fact that it does bear the same name is a guarantee to us that there is an essential resemblance between the righteousness of God in its lustrous perfectness and the righteousness of his child in its imperfect effort. Another psalmist has sung of the man who can stand in the holy place. "He shall receive the blessing from the Lord, even righteousness from the God of his salvation." And our psalms hint, if they do not articulately declare, how that reception is possible for us, when they set forth waiting upon God as the condition of being made like Him. We translate the psalmist's feeling after the higher truth which we know, when we desire "that we may be found in Him, not having our own righteousness which is of the law, but that which is of God by faith." II. IN GRACIOUS COMPASSION. In the former psalm we read "The Lord is gracious and full of compassion"; in the latter we find "he" (the upright man) "is gracious and full of compassion, and righteous." Our hearts need something more than a righteous God if we are ever to worship and draw near. Just as the white snow on the high peak needs to be flushed with the roseate hue of the morning before it can become tender, and create longings, so the righteousness of the great White Throne has to be tinged with the ruddy heart hue of gracious compassion if men are to be moved to adore and to love. And each enhances the other. "What God hath joined together," in Himself, "let not man put asunder;" nor talk about the stern Deity of the Old Testament, and pit Him against the compassionate Father of the New. He is righteous, but the proclaimers of His righteousness in old days never forgot to blend with the righteousness the mercy; and the combination heightens the lustre of both the colours. And the same combination is absolutely needful in the copy, as is emphatically set forth in our text by the addition, in the ease of the man, of "and righteous." For whilst with God the two attributes do lie, side by side, in perfect harmony, in us men there is always danger that the one shall trench upon the territory of the other, and that, he who has cultivated the habit of looking upon sorrows and sins with compassion and tenderness shall somewhat lose the power of looking at them with righteousness. And so our text, in regard of man, proclaims more emphatically than it needs to do in regard to the perfect God, that ever his highest beauty of compassion must be wedded to righteousness, and ever his truest strength of righteousness must be knit with compassion. But, beyond that, note how, wherever there is the loving and childlike contemplation of God, there will be an analogy to His perfectness in our compassion. We are transformed by beholding. The sun strikes a poor little pane of glass in a cottage miles away, and it flashes with some .likeness of the sun and casts a light across the plain. The man whose face is turned Godwards will have beauty pass into his face, and all that look upon him will see "as it had been the countenance of an angel." III. We have still another point, not so much of resemblance as of correspondence, IN THE FIRMNESS OF GOD'S UTTERANCES AND OF THE GODLY HEART. In the first of our two psalms we read, in the seventh verse, "all His commandments are sure." In the second we read, in the corresponding verse, "his heart is fixed, trusting in the Lord." The former psalm goes on, "His commandments stand fast for ever and ever;" and the next psalm, in the corresponding verse, says "his heart is established," the original employing the same word in both cases, which in our version is rendered, in the one case "stand fast," and in the other "established." So that the psalmist is thinking of a correspondence between the stability of God's utterances and the stability of the heart that clasps them in faith. His commandments are not only precepts which enjoin duty. All which God says is law, whether it be directly in the nature of guiding precept, or whether it be in the nature of revealing truth, or whether it be in the nature of promise. It is sure, reliable, utterly trustworthy. We may be certain that it will direct us aright, that it will reveal to us absolute truth, that it will hold forth no flattering and false promises. And it is "established." The one fixed point amidst the whirl of things is the uttered will of God. Therefore the heart that builds there builds safely. And there should be a correspondence, whether there is or no, between the faithfulness of the Speaker and the faith of the hearer. Lean hard upon God, put all your weight upon Him. You cannot put too much, you cannot lean too hard. The harder the better, the better He is pleased, and the more He breathes support and strength into us. ( A. Maclaren, D.D. ) He hath made His wonderful works to be remembered. Psalm 111:4 The duty of remembering God's wonderful works Bp. Pearson. 1. In reference to any signal benefits, any extraordinary mercy received, it is necessary we should have a true sense and firm persuasion of the work of God in it, that we may learn to depend on His providence, which we find so vigilant over us, so beneficial to us; that we may attribute nothing to ourselves, or sacrifice to our own nets; that we may discern His hand in His own work, and say ( Psalm 52:9 ; Psalm 75:1 ). 2. This design of God teacheth man to make a true estimate, and set a value upon the benefit received as coming from His hand. 3. This design of God ought to be embraced with all comfort and cheerfulness. For what greater honour can man receive, than that God should desire to be honoured by him? What greater advantage can we have, than that He should therefore bless us, that He may receive praise from us, and purchase His glory by the expense of His goodness? 4. The equity and excellency of the duty enforce the obligation. Here is not anything required, but what may be justly challenged, what cannot be with any pretence denied. There is a moral obligation between men, to render to every man his due, honour to whom honour: and this Divine acknowledgment is required upon no other terms ( Psalm 29:2 ). It is required in a due proportion ( Psalm 150:2 ), according to the manifestation of it. This is the exercise of the blessed saints and angels in the nearest view of His perfections: the language of heaven is Alleluia; and there is nothing more heavenly upon earth. ( Bp. Pearson. ) He hath given meat unto them that fear Him. Psalm 111:5 The Lord's faithfulness in providing food for His people E. Cooper, M.A. Consider the text — I. IN ITS LITERAL SENSE. 1. The work, on account of which the psalmist here calls upon us to praise God, is the supply of food; the furnishing us with those provisions which are necessary for the support and comfort of our bodies. (1) They are the Lord's gifts. (2) They are special marks of the Lord's favour to His people. (3) They are proofs of the Lord's faithfulness and truth. 2. Let us beseech Him to give us His grace, that we may receive with thankfulness, and enjoy with moderation, and use to His glory, those gifts of His providence, which He has been pleased to bestow on us; and that we may show forth His praise not only with our lips, but in our lives, by giving up ourselves to His service, and by walking before Him in holiness and righteousness all our days. 3. And let us learn to confide in Him for blessings to come. II. IN ITS FIGURATIVE OR SPIRITUAL MEANING. 1. In this sense, the meat mentioned in the text signifies that meat of which our Saviour speaks when He directs us to labour for the meat which "endureth unto everlasting life"; namely, spiritual food, that food by which the soul is supported, strengthened, and refreshed. 2. And what, in this view of the text, is the covenant of which "He will ever be mindful," but the covenant of grace: that spiritual covenant, "well ordered in all things and sure," which God has made with every believer in Christ? The terms of this covenant are, "Repent ye and believe the Gospel." "Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ." And the promises of it are, "Thou shalt be saved." "Thou shalt have everlasting life." ( E. Cooper, M.A. ) He will over be mindful of His covenant The covenant I. WHAT IS THIS COVENANT? If you go to a lawyer, and inquire how a deed runs, he may reply, "I can give you an abstract, but I had better read it to you." He can tell you the sum and substance of it; but if you want to be very accurate, and it is a very important business, you will say, "I should like to hear it read." We will now read certain passages of Scripture which contain the covenant of grace, or an abstract of it ( Jeremiah 31:31-34 ; Ezekiel 11:19, 20 ; Ezekiel 36:25 , etc. ). Let us just go a little into detail about this. God has made a covenant with certain people that He will do all this for them, and in each case it is of pure grace. He will take away their stony hearts: it is clear from this promise that when He began with them they had stony hearts. He will forgive their iniquities: when He began with them they had many iniquities. He will give them a heart of flesh: when He began with them they had not a heart of flesh. He will turn them to keep His statutes: when He began with them they did not keep His statutes. They were a sinful, wilful, wicked, degenerate people, and He called to them many times to come to Him and repent, but they would not. Here He speaks like a king, and no longer pleads, but decrees. He says, I will do this and that to you, and you shall be this and that in return. Oh, blessed covenant! Oh, mighty, sovereign grace! II. HAVE I ANY PORTION IN IT? 1. Are you in Christ? If so, you are saved in Him. 2. Have you faith? This is the mark, the seal, the badge of His chosen. 3. Have you been born again? Is the life that is in you a life given by God? The true life is not of the will of man, nor of blood, nor of natural excellence; but it comes by the working of the eternal Spirit, and is of God. If you have this life you are in the covenant, for it is written, "In Isaac shall thy seed be called." The children of the promise, these are counted for the seed. III. If indeed we can believe upon the good evidence of God's Word that we are of the seed w
Matthew Henry
Psalms 111
111:1-10 The Lord is to be praised for his works. - The psalmist resolves to praise God himself. Our exhortations and our examples should agree together. He recommends the works of the Lord, as the proper subject, when we are praising him; and the dealings of his providence toward the world, the church, and particular persons. All the works of the Lord are spoken of as one, it is his work; so admirably do all the dispensations of his providence centre in one design. The works of God, humbly and diligently sought into, shall all be found just and holy. God's pardoning sin is the most wonderful of all his works, and ought to be remembered to his glory. He will ever be mindful of his covenant; he has ever been so, and he ever will be so. His works of providence were done according to the truth of the Divine promises and prophecies, and so were verity, or truth; and by him who has a right to dispose of the earth as he pleases, and so are judgment, or righteous: and this holds good of the work of grace upon the heart of man, ver. 7,8. All God's commandments are sure; all have been fulfilled by Christ, and remain with him for a rule of walk and conversation to us. He sent redemption unto his people, out of Egypt at first, and often afterwards; and these were typical of the great redemption, which in the fulness of time was to be wrought out by the Lord Jesus. Here his everlasting righteousness shines forth in union with his boundless mercy. No man is wise who does not fear the Lord; no man acts wisely except as influenced by that fear. This fear will lead to repentance, to faith in Christ, to watchfulness and obedience. Such persons are of a good understanding, however poor, unlearned, or despised.