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歴史書 1–9章: アダムから捕囚の民までの系図

神の民は、自分たちのルーツと、ダビデと結ばれた神の契約を思い起こします。

歴代誌上は、捕囚から帰還した共同体のためにイスラエルの歴史を語り直したものです。書の冒頭には、アダムから帰還した捕囚の民に至る長い系図が置かれ、彼らが今もなお神の物語に属していることを示しています。

著者: 不明(伝統的にはエズラの著作とされる) · 年代: おそらく紀元前450–400年頃に執筆

書の概要・アウトライン・鍵となる聖句
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1レビの子はゲルション、ケハテ、メラリ。 2ケハテの子はアムラム、イツハル、ヘブロン、ウジエル。 3アムラムの子はアロン、モーセ、ミリヤム。 アロンの子はナダブ、アビフ、エルアザル、イタマル。 4-15 アロンの家系の長男をたどると、エルアザル、ピネハス、アビシュア、ブキ、ウジ、ゼラヘヤ、メラヨテ、アマルヤ、アヒトブ、ツァドク、アヒマアツ、アザルヤ、ヨハナン、ソロモンがエルサレムに建てた神殿の大祭司アザルヤ、アマルヤ、アヒトブ、ツァドク、シャルム、ヒルキヤ、アザルヤ、セラヤ、神がネブカデネザルの手でユダとエルサレムの住民を捕虜として移された時、捕虜の一人であったエホツァダクへと続きます。 16先に挙げたように、レビの子はゲルショム、ケハテ、メラリ。 17ゲルショムの子はリブニ、シムイ。 18ケハテの子はアムラム、イツハル、ヘブロン、ウジエル。 19-21 メラリの子はマフリ、ムシ。 レビ人の諸氏族は次のとおり。 ゲルショム氏族ではリブニ、ヤハテ、ジマ、ヨアフ、イド、ゼラフ、エオテライ。 22-24 ケハテ氏族ではアミナダブ、コラ、アシル、エルカナ、エブヤサフ、アシル、タハテ、ウリエル、ウジヤ、サウル。 25-27 エルカナの氏族は、さらに子どもたちの代に家族に分かれました。アマサイ、アヒモテ、エルカナ、ツォファイ、ナハテ、エリアブ、エロハム、エルカナ。 28サムエルの氏族の諸家族は、次のサムエルの子を長としています。長男ヨエル、次男アビヤ。 29-30 メラリの氏族の諸家族は、次のメラリの子孫を長としています。マフリ、リブニ、シムイ、ウザ、シムア、ハギヤ、アサヤ。 31ダビデは契約の箱を神の天幕に納めたのち、そこで神を賛美する合唱隊の指揮者を任命しました。 32ソロモン王がエルサレムに神殿を建てるまで、合唱隊は幕屋で勤務していました。 33-38 次に挙げるのは、合唱隊の指揮者とその家系です。歌手ヘマンはケハテ氏族の出身で、その系図は順次さかのぼると次のとおり。ヨエル、サムエル、エルカナ三世、エロハム、エリエル、トアハ、ツフ、エルカナ二世、マハテ、アマサイ、エルカナ一世、ヨエル、アザルヤ、ゼパニヤ、タハテ、アシル、エブヤサフ、コラ、イツハル、ケハテ、レビ、イスラエル。 39-43 ヘマンの助手は同僚のアサフで、その系図は順次さかのぼると次のとおり。ベレクヤ、シムア、ミカエル、バアセヤ、マルキヤ、エテニ、ゼラフ、アダヤ、エタン、ジマ、シムイ、ヤハテ、ゲルショム、レビ。 44-47 ヘマンの第二助手はメラリ氏族の代表エタンで、ヘマンの左側に立ちました。メラリの家系は順次さかのぼると次のとおりです。キシ、アブディ、マルク、ハシャブヤ、アマツヤ、ヒルキヤ、アムツィ、バニ、シェメル、マフリ、ムシ、メラリ、レビ。 48そのほかのレビ人は、天幕での各種の奉仕に当たりました。 49ただし、祭司の務めに当たったのはアロンとその子孫だけです。彼らは、焼き尽くすいけにえをささげ、香をたくなど、至聖所(幕屋の奥で、契約の箱が置かれている所)のすべての仕事を一手に引き受け、毎年、イスラエルの民の贖いの日には務めを果たしました。これらすべてのことは、モーセが命じたとおりに、誤りなく行われました。 50-53 アロンの子孫は次のとおり。エルアザル、ピネハス、アビシュア、ブキ、ウジ、ゼラヘヤ、メラヨテ、アマルヤ、アヒトブ、ツァドク、アヒマアツ。 54ケハテ氏族に属するアロンの子孫に、くじで割り当てられた町と土地は次のとおり。 55-57 ユダにある避難用の町ヘブロンとその周辺の牧草地。ただし、畑と町の周辺の村はエフネの子カレブに与えられました。 58-59 周囲に牧草地のある町は次のとおり。リブナ、ヤティル、エシュテモア、ヒレズ、デビル、アシャン、ベテ・シェメシュ。 60そのほか、ベニヤミン族からゲバ、アレメテ、アナトテの町と周辺の牧草地が贈られました。全部で十三の町が祭司たちに与えられたことになります。 61ケハテの残りの子孫には、くじ引きで、マナセの半部族の領土にある十の町が与えられました。 62ゲルショムの諸氏族には、イッサカル、アシェル、ナフタリ、バシャンに住むマナセ族から、くじ引きで十三の町が与えられました。 63メラリの諸氏族は、ルベン、ガド、ゼブルンの各部族から、くじ引きで十二の町が与えられました。 64-65 くじ引きで、ユダ、シメオン、ベニヤミンの各部族からレビ人に与えられる町と牧草地の名が読み上げられました。 66-69 エフライム族は、次の町と周辺の牧草地を、ケハテの諸氏族に与えました。 エフライムの山地にある避難用の町シェケム、ゲゼル、ヨクメアム、ベテ・ホロン、アヤロン、ガテ・リモン。 70マナセの半部族は、アネル、イブレアムの町と周辺の牧草地を、ケハテの諸氏族に与えました。 71マナセの残りの半部族は、次の町と周辺の牧草地を、ゲルショム氏族に与えました。バシャンにある避難用の町ゴラン、アシュタロテ。 72-73 イッサカル族は、ケデシュ、ダベラテ、ラモテ、アネムと周辺の牧草地を、 74-75 アシェル族は、マシャル、アブドン、フコク、レホブと周辺の牧草地を、 76またナフタリ族は、ガリラヤにあるケデシュ、ハモン、キルヤタイムと周辺の牧草地を、それぞれゲルショム氏族に与えました。 77ゼブルン族は、リモノとタボルをメラリ氏族に与えました。 78-79 ルベン族は、エリコの対岸のヨルダン川東岸から、荒野の町ベツェル、ヤハツ、ケデモテ、メファアテと周辺の牧草地を、 80-81 ガド族は、ギルアデにあるラモテ、マハナイム、ヘシュボン、ヤゼルと周辺の牧草地を、それぞれメラリ氏族に与えました。
注解 4
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Benson
1 Chronicles 6
Benson Commentary 1 Chronicles 6:1 The sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 1 Chronicles 6:2 And the sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. 1 Chronicles 6:3 And the children of Amram; Aaron, and Moses, and Miriam. The sons also of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 6:4 Eleazar begat Phinehas, Phinehas begat Abishua, 1 Chronicles 6:5 And Abishua begat Bukki, and Bukki begat Uzzi, 1 Chronicles 6:5 . Bukki begat Uzzi — In whose days it is supposed that the high- priesthood was translated from Eleazar’s family to Ithamar’s, for some cause now unknown, in whose line it continued for some successions. 1 Chronicles 6:6 And Uzzi begat Zerahiah, and Zerahiah begat Meraioth, 1 Chronicles 6:7 Meraioth begat Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub, 1 Chronicles 6:8 And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Ahimaaz, 1 Chronicles 6:9 And Ahimaaz begat Azariah, and Azariah begat Johanan, 1 Chronicles 6:10 And Johanan begat Azariah, (he it is that executed the priest's office in the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem:) 1 Chronicles 6:10 . He it is that executed the priest’s office, &c. — So did all the rest: but it is implied that he did it worthily; he filled his place well, and valiantly discharged his office. For it is supposed this was that Azariah who boldly opposed the presumption of King Uzziah, when he invaded the priest’s office, 2 Chronicles 26:17 . This remark may, however, relate to Johanan, otherwise called Jehoiada, who is so highly commended for the good service which he did to the house of God, and of the king; of whom see 2 Kings 11. In the temple that Solomon built — In Solomon’s temple; so denominated to distinguish it from the second temple, which was built, or in building, when these books were written. 1 Chronicles 6:11 And Azariah begat Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub, 1 Chronicles 6:12 And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Shallum, 1 Chronicles 6:13 And Shallum begat Hilkiah, and Hilkiah begat Azariah, 1 Chronicles 6:14 And Azariah begat Seraiah, and Seraiah begat Jehozadak, 1 Chronicles 6:15 And Jehozadak went into captivity , when the LORD carried away Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar. 1 Chronicles 6:16 The sons of Levi; Gershom, Kohath, and Merari. 1 Chronicles 6:16 . The sons of Levi, Gershom, &c. — This he repeats as the foundation of the following genealogy of those Levites who were not priests. 1 Chronicles 6:17 And these be the names of the sons of Gershom; Libni, and Shimei. 1 Chronicles 6:18 And the sons of Kohath were , Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. 1 Chronicles 6:19 The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. And these are the families of the Levites according to their fathers. 1 Chronicles 6:19-20 . The families of the Levites according to their fathers — That is, these were the heads of the families which sprang from them. And it is thought the following catalogue contains the successive heads or chiefs of their several families until the times of David, by whom they were distributed into several courses. Zimmah his son — His grandson by his son Shimei, as appears from 1 Chronicles 6:42-43 ; the names of father and Song of Solomon being often used in Scripture of more remote progenitors or successors. 1 Chronicles 6:20 Of Gershom; Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son, 1 Chronicles 6:21 Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son. 1 Chronicles 6:22 The sons of Kohath; Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son, 1 Chronicles 6:23 Elkanah his son, and Ebiasaph his son, and Assir his son, 1 Chronicles 6:24 Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son, and Shaul his son. 1 Chronicles 6:25 And the sons of Elkanah; Amasai, and Ahimoth. 1 Chronicles 6:26 As for Elkanah: the sons of Elkanah; Zophai his son, and Nahath his son, 1 Chronicles 6:26 . As for Elkanah, &c. — This was another Elkanah, son or grandson of the former Elkanah, and either the son or brother of Ahimoth, last mentioned, or of Amasai. Nahath his son — Called also Toah, 1 Chronicles 6:34 , and Tohu, 1 Samuel 1:1 . The Elkanah mentioned in the next verse was the father of the Prophet Samuel, whose name therefore follows. 1 Chronicles 6:27 Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son. 1 Chronicles 6:28 And the sons of Samuel; the firstborn Vashni, and Abiah. 1 Chronicles 6:29 The sons of Merari; Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzza his son, 1 Chronicles 6:30 Shimea his son, Haggiah his son, Asaiah his son. 1 Chronicles 6:31 And these are they whom David set over the service of song in the house of the LORD, after that the ark had rest. 1 Chronicles 6:31 . And these — Whose names follow, are they whom David set over the service — Appointed to minister to God by singing songs of praise in his house; after that the ark had rest — After David had brought it from the house of Obed-edom, and settled it in Jerusalem, 2 Samuel 8:17 . 1 Chronicles 6:32 And they ministered before the dwelling place of the tabernacle of the congregation with singing, until Solomon had built the house of the LORD in Jerusalem: and then they waited on their office according to their order. 1 Chronicles 6:32 . They ministered before the tabernacle, &c. — Which David had prepared for the ark when it came to Jerusalem. According to their order — The order which David himself had constituted a little before his death, as we read in the latter end of this book. 1 Chronicles 6:33 And these are they that waited with their children. Of the sons of the Kohathites: Heman a singer, the son of Joel, the son of Shemuel, 1 Chronicles 6:34 The son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah, 1 Chronicles 6:35 The son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai, 1 Chronicles 6:36 The son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah, 1 Chronicles 6:37 The son of Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, 1 Chronicles 6:38 The son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel. 1 Chronicles 6:39 And his brother Asaph, who stood on his right hand, even Asaph the son of Berachiah, the son of Shimea, 1 Chronicles 6:39 . His brother Asaph — Asaph is here called Heman’s brother, according to the Hebrew phraseology, by which all near relations are brothers; and because he was of the same office and employment. 1 Chronicles 6:40 The son of Michael, the son of Baaseiah, the son of Malchiah, 1 Chronicles 6:41 The son of Ethni, the son of Zerah, the son of Adaiah, 1 Chronicles 6:42 The son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, the son of Shimei, 1 Chronicles 6:43 The son of Jahath, the son of Gershom, the son of Levi. 1 Chronicles 6:44 And their brethren the sons of Merari stood on the left hand: Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, 1 Chronicles 6:44 . The sons of Merari stood on the left hand — The children of the next son of Levi are here mentioned, who had the lowest place assigned them, because they were of the youngest family. So there were three principal singers, who were masters and governors of the whole choir: Heman, descended from Koath, was the prime, who, together with his sons, stood in the middle: Asaph, descended from Gershom, with his sons, stood on his right hand: and Ethan, (called also Jeduthun, 1 Chronicles 9:16 ; 2 Chronicles 35:15 , and in the title of divers Psalms,) descended from Merari, on the left. 1 Chronicles 6:45 The son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, 1 Chronicles 6:46 The son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shamer, 1 Chronicles 6:47 The son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi. 1 Chronicles 6:48 Their brethren also the Levites were appointed unto all manner of service of the tabernacle of the house of God. 1 Chronicles 6:48 . Their brethren were appointed, &c. — Such of them as had no skill in singing were otherwise employed; being porters, keepers of the vessels of the sanctuary, occupied in preparing the sacrifices, and such like things. It is observable, that in all the genealogies of the Levites, there is not a word said of the sons of Moses and their posterity, he having no ambition to prefer them unto any great office. 1 Chronicles 6:49 But Aaron and his sons offered upon the altar of the burnt offering, and on the altar of incense, and were appointed for all the work of the place most holy, and to make an atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded. 1 Chronicles 6:49 . But Aaron and his sons offered upon the altar — The noblest part of the ministry was reserved for them. Aaron alone, and his successors in the high-priesthood, made atonement and ministered in the most holy place. But his sons, the other priests, offered on the altars of burnt- offering, and of incense. 1 Chronicles 6:50 And these are the sons of Aaron; Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son, 1 Chronicles 6:50 . These are the sons of Aaron — Having mentioned the work of the high-priests, he here briefly rehearseth the names of the persons who successively performed it. 1 Chronicles 6:51 Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son, 1 Chronicles 6:52 Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, 1 Chronicles 6:53 Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son. 1 Chronicles 6:54 Now these are their dwelling places throughout their castles in their coasts, of the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites: for theirs was the lot. 1 Chronicles 6:54 . Throughout their castles — So called, not only because walled and well guarded by the country, but because they and their possessions were in a particular manner the care of Divine Providence. As God was their portion, so God was their protector. And a cottage will be a castle to those that abide under the shadow of the Almighty. Theirs was the lot — Or, the first lot. 1 Chronicles 6:55 And they gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, and the suburbs thereof round about it. 1 Chronicles 6:56 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. 1 Chronicles 6:57 And to the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of Judah, namely , Hebron, the city of refuge, and Libnah with her suburbs, and Jattir, and Eshtemoa, with their suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:58 And Hilen with her suburbs, Debir with her suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:59 And Ashan with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs: 1 Chronicles 6:60 And out of the tribe of Benjamin; Geba with her suburbs, and Alemeth with her suburbs, and Anathoth with her suburbs. All their cities throughout their families were thirteen cities. 1 Chronicles 6:60 . All their cities were thirteen — Of which eleven are here numbered, and two more are mentioned Joshua 21:16-17 , namely, Jattah and Gibeon; which, perhaps, were in ruins when this book was written. 1 Chronicles 6:61 And unto the sons of Kohath, which were left of the family of that tribe, were cities given out of the half tribe, namely, out of the half tribe of Manasseh, by lot, ten cities. 1 Chronicles 6:62 And to the sons of Gershom throughout their families out of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities. 1 Chronicles 6:63 Unto the sons of Merari were given by lot, throughout their families, out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities. 1 Chronicles 6:64 And the children of Israel gave to the Levites these cities with their suburbs. 1 Chronicles 6:65 And they gave by lot out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, and out of the tribe of the children of Benjamin, these cities, which are called by their names. 1 Chronicles 6:66 And the residue of the families of the sons of Kohath had cities of their coasts out of the tribe of Ephraim. 1 Chronicles 6:66 . Had cities of their coasts — Or, of their borders, that is, of their country contained within its borders: these cities were assigned the families of the sons of Kohath, though they were not priests, for their support in a lower ministry. 1 Chronicles 6:67 And they gave unto them, of the cities of refuge, Shechem in mount Ephraim with her suburbs; they gave also Gezer with her suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:67 . They gave unto them of the cities of refuge — That is, the children of Israel, as it is expressed 1 Chronicles 6:64 , gave to the residue of the Kohathites the following cities, part out of Ephraim, and part out of the half-tribe of Manasseh. As to the names of these cities, divers of them differ from those mentioned as given to them Joshua 21:15 . Nor is it strange that the names of places should be changed in so many hundreds of years as had intervened between Joshua and this time. And as to the cities themselves, it is further to be observed, that they were dispersed among all the tribes, partly that Jacob’s prophecy might be fulfilled concerning the scattering of the tribe of Levi, Genesis 49:7 ; and partly that every tribe might have teachers among them by whom they might be directed in, and quickened to, the observation of God’s laws, upon which their safety and happiness wholly depended. 1 Chronicles 6:68 And Jokmeam with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:69 And Aijalon with her suburbs, and Gathrimmon with her suburbs: 1 Chronicles 6:70 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh; Aner with her suburbs, and Bileam with her suburbs, for the family of the remnant of the sons of Kohath. 1 Chronicles 6:71 Unto the sons of Gershom were given out of the family of the half tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, and Ashtaroth with her suburbs: 1 Chronicles 6:72 And out of the tribe of Issachar; Kedesh with her suburbs, Daberath with her suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:73 And Ramoth with her suburbs, and Anem with her suburbs: 1 Chronicles 6:74 And out of the tribe of Asher; Mashal with her suburbs, and Abdon with her suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:75 And Hukok with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs: 1 Chronicles 6:76 And out of the tribe of Naphtali; Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, and Hammon with her suburbs, and Kirjathaim with her suburbs. 1 Chronicles 6:77 Unto the rest of the children of Merari were given out of the tribe of Zebulun, Rimmon with her suburbs, Tabor with her suburbs: 1 Chronicles 6:78 And on the other side Jordan by Jericho, on the east side of Jordan, were given them out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the wilderness with her suburbs, and Jahzah with her suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:79 Kedemoth also with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs: 1 Chronicles 6:80 And out of the tribe of Gad; Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, and Mahanaim with her suburbs, 1 Chronicles 6:81 And Heshbon with her suburbs, and Jazer with her suburbs. Benson Commentary on the Old and New Testaments Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Expositors
1 Chronicles 6
Expositor's Bible Commentary 1 Chronicles 6:1 The sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. The Expositor's Bible Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Illustrator
1 Chronicles 6
And these are they whom David let over the service of song lit the house of the Lord. 1 Chronicles 6:31, 48 The ministry of song J. Wolfendale. I. SONG AN ELEMENT OF CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. II. SONG AN EXPRESSION OF HUMAN FEELING. III. SONG A POWER FOR WHICH ITS POSSESSORS ARE RESPONSIBLE. ( J. Wolfendale. ) Religious worship J. Wolfendale. I. Worship VARIED IN ITS FORMS. II. LIVELY IN ITS SPIRIT. III. ORDERLY IN ITS METHOD. IV. UNIVERSAL IN ITS PARTICIPATION. ( J. Wolfendale. ).
Matthew Henry
1 Chronicles 6
6:1-81 Genealogies. - We have an account of Levi in this chapter. The priests and Levites were more concerned than any other Israelites, to preserve their descent clear, and to be able to prove it; because all the honours and privileges of their office depended upon their descent. Now, the Spirit of God calls ministers to their work, without any limit as to the families they came from; and then, as now, though believers and ministers may be very useful to the church, none but our great High Priest can make atonement for sin, nor can any be accepted but through his atonement.