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歴史書 10–29章: ダビデの治世

神の民は、自分たちのルーツと、ダビデと結ばれた神の契約を思い起こします。

歴代誌上は、捕囚から帰還した共同体のためにイスラエルの歴史を語り直したものです。書の冒頭には、アダムから帰還した捕囚の民に至る長い系図が置かれ、彼らが今もなお神の物語に属していることを示しています。

著者: 不明（伝統的にはエズラの著作とされる） · 年代: おそらく紀元前450–400年頃に執筆

書の概要・アウトライン・鍵となる聖句
歴代誌上 24 JLB
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1 1-2 アロンの子孫の祭司は、アロンの二人の息子エルアザルとイタマルの名にちなんで、二つの組に分けられました。ナダブとアビフもアロンの息子でしたが、二人とも父に先立って死に、しかも、子どもがいませんでした。それで、エルアザルとイタマルだけが祭司の務めを果たしたのです。 3ダビデは、エルアザルの氏族を代表するツァドクと、イタマルの氏族を代表するアヒメレクとに相談して、交替で奉仕できるよう、祭司を多くのグループに分けました。 4エルアザルの子孫は、指導者となる人材に恵まれていたので、十六組に分けられ、イタマルの子孫は八組に分けられました。 5あらゆる務めは特定の組に片寄らないよう、くじで各組に割り当てられました。どの組にも多くのすぐれた人材がいて、神殿の重要な務めにつけたからです。 6レビ人でネタヌエルの子シェマヤが書記となり、王をはじめ祭司ツァドク、エブヤタルの子アヒメレク、ならびに祭司とレビ人の長たちの前で、それぞれの名と役割を書き留めました。エルアザルの組からの二つのグループと、イタマルの組からの一つのグループが、交互に務めにつくようになっていました。 7-18 くじで、次の各グループの順序に従って、仕事が割り当てられました。 第一はエホヤリブのグループ。第二はエダヤのグループ。第三はハリムのグループ。第四はセオリムのグループ。第五はマルキヤのグループ。第六はミヤミンのグループ。第七はコツのグループ。第八はアビヤのグループ。第九はヨシュアのグループ。第十はシェカヌヤのグループ。第十一はエルヤシブのグループ。第十二はヤキムのグループ。第十三はフパのグループ。第十四はエシェブアブのグループ。第十五はビルガのグループ。第十六はイメルのグループ。第十七はヘジルのグループ。第十八はピツェツのグループ。第十九はペタフヤのグループ。第二十はエヘズケルのグループ。第二十一はヤキンのグループ。第二十二はガムルのグループ。第二十三はデラヤのグループ。第二十四はマアズヤのグループ。 19各グループは、先祖アロンによって主から最初に指示されたとおり、神殿での務めにつきました。 20そのほかのレビの子孫は次のとおり。アムラムおよび彼の子孫シュバエル、シュバエルの子孫エフデヤ、 21長子イシヤを長とするレハブヤのグループ、 22シェロミテと彼の子孫ヤハテからなるイツハルのグループ。 23ヘブロンのグループは次のとおり。ヘブロンの長男エリヤ。次男アマルヤ。三男ヤハジエル。四男エカムアム。 24-25 ウジエルのグループの長は、その子ミカ、孫シャミル、ミカの兄弟イシヤ、イシヤの子ゼカリヤ。 26-27 メラリのグループの長は、その子マフリとムシ。その子孫ヤアジヤのグループは彼の子ベノを長とし、その兄弟ショハム、ザクル、イブリ。 28-29 マフリの子孫はエルアザルとキシュで、エルアザルには息子がなく、キシュには息子があり、その子孫、エラフメエル。 30ムシの子孫はマフリ、エデル、エリモテ。以上が、それぞれの氏族に属するレビの子孫です。 31アロンの子孫と同じように、彼らは年齢や身分に関係なく、くじで決まった順番で奉仕が割り当てられました。その順番は、ダビデ、ツァドク、アヒメレク、そのほかの祭司やレビ人の長たちの前で決められました。
注解 4
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Benson
1 Chronicles 24
Benson Commentary 1 Chronicles 24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:1-2 . These are the divisions of the sons of Aaron — The several branches into which that family was divided. Therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest’s office — Their brethren being dead, and leaving no issue, they and their sons were the only persons to whom the execution of that office could be committed according to the law. 1 Chronicles 24:2 But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office. 1 Chronicles 24:3 And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices in their service. 1 Chronicles 24:3 . And David distributed them, &c. — To avoid all confusion, now that they were much increased, he distributed the priests, as he had done the Levites, into several courses, allotting to each of them the times wherein they should by turns have the government of holy ministrations. 1 Chronicles 24:4 And there were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than of the sons of Ithamar; and thus were they divided. Among the sons of Eleazar there were sixteen chief men of the house of their fathers, and eight among the sons of Ithamar according to the house of their fathers. 1 Chronicles 24:4 . Among the sons of Eleazar were sixteen chief men, &c. — He appointed, therefore, sixteen courses of the sons of Eleazar, under as many heads of their families, and half as many of the posterity of Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:5 Thus were they divided by lot, one sort with another; for the governors of the sanctuary, and governors of the house of God, were of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:5 . Thus were they divided by lot — That the business being committed, in this way, to the Divine disposal, there might be no occasion for complaint, and so all contentions might be prevented, as no man could be charged with partiality, nor could any say they had wrong done them. Solomon says, the lot causes contention to cease. It is evident from the Scriptures, that it was a very ancient custom to refer matters of a doubtful nature to the decision of the lot; and, in particular, persons were often chosen in this way to sacred offices. But, as it is an appeal to God, it ought to be managed with a proper reverence and sincerity. Thus Matthias was chosen to the apostleship by lot with solemn prayer. “And I know not,” says Henry, “but it might still be used, in faith, in parallel cases, as an instituted ordinance.” One sort with another — Both the sons of Eleazar and those of Ithamar were thus chosen, who should wait together. Governors of the house of God — Hebrew, governors of God; that is, the judges, says Houbigant. The ministers of religion are expressed in the foregoing words, the governors of the sanctuary. It is very justly observed by Grotius, that governors of God never signify, in the sacred writings, those that minister to God, but governors in the commonwealth, chiefs, or judges. Were of the sons of Eleazar and the sons of Ithamar — These two families had obtained the chief functions, both in the temple and in the magistracy; which could not be distributed so well any way as by lot, without danger of envy among themselves. 1 Chronicles 24:6 And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them before the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites: one principal household being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:6 . Shemaiah, the scribe, wrote them before the king — Their names were written and put into an urn, out of which the lots were to be drawn: which, that there might be no suspicion of fraud, were drawn before the king, the princes, the high-priest and his assistant, and before the several families of priests and Levites. One principal household being taken for Eleazar, &c. — That is, one of the principal families of Eleazar was first taken, and then one of Ithamar’s, and thus alternately, till all the families of Ithamar had received their lot. And afterward all the lots came forth to the rest of Eleazar’s families, which were double in number to those of Ithamar. 1 Chronicles 24:7 Now the first lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, 1 Chronicles 24:8 The third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, 1 Chronicles 24:9 The fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin, 1 Chronicles 24:10 The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah, 1 Chronicles 24:11 The ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah, 1 Chronicles 24:12 The eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim, 1 Chronicles 24:13 The thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab, 1 Chronicles 24:14 The fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer, 1 Chronicles 24:15 The seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Aphses, 1 Chronicles 24:16 The nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezekel, 1 Chronicles 24:17 The one and twentieth to Jachin, the two and twentieth to Gamul, 1 Chronicles 24:18 The three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four and twentieth to Maaziah. 1 Chronicles 24:19 These were the orderings of them in their service to come into the house of the LORD, according to their manner, under Aaron their father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. 1 Chronicles 24:19 . These were the orderings of them — In this order and method they were to come to perform the offices of the temple. To come into the house — To come into the temple every sabbath day, and to continue there till the next sabbath, when they were relieved by others. Under Aaron — Under the direction of the high-priest, whom he calls Aaron, because he represented Aaron’s person, and executed his office; and their father — Because of the authority which, by God’s appointment, he had over them. 1 Chronicles 24:20 And the rest of the sons of Levi were these : Of the sons of Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah. 1 Chronicles 24:20 . The rest of the sons of Levi — Either such as were only Levites, and not priests, or such as were not named or numbered before, in this or the former chapter. The sons of Shubael, Jehdeiah — Who being, as it seems, an eminent person, or having a very numerous family, was not reckoned with or under his father’s family, but was accounted as a distinct head of another family. 1 Chronicles 24:21 Concerning Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, the first was Isshiah. 1 Chronicles 24:22 Of the Izharites; Shelomoth: of the sons of Shelomoth; Jahath. 1 Chronicles 24:23 And the sons of Hebron ; Jeriah the first , Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth. 1 Chronicles 24:24 Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah: of the sons of Michah; Shamir. 1 Chronicles 24:25 The brother of Michah was Isshiah: of the sons of Isshiah; Zechariah. 1 Chronicles 24:26 The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi: the sons of Jaaziah; Beno. 1 Chronicles 24:27 The sons of Merari by Jaaziah; Beno, and Shoham, and Zaccur, and Ibri. 1 Chronicles 24:28 Of Mahli came Eleazar, who had no sons. 1 Chronicles 24:29 Concerning Kish: the son of Kish was Jerahmeel. 1 Chronicles 24:30 The sons also of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites after the house of their fathers. 1 Chronicles 24:31 These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites, even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren. 1 Chronicles 24:31 . These likewise cast lots — There was the like solemnity used in their distribution as there was in that of the priests, by casting lots; whereby they knew what Levites should wait in every course with the sons of Aaron. Even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren — These words are somewhat obscure, but the meaning, says Bishop Patrick, is, that both elder and younger had their places by lot, not by seniority of houses: they who were of greater dignity drew lots against those who were of less: and they were to take their courses as they fell either to the elder or the younger family. Benson Commentary on the Old and New Testaments Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Expositors
1 Chronicles 24
Expositor's Bible Commentary 1 Chronicles 24:1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. The Expositor's Bible Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com . Used by Permission.
Illustrator
1 Chronicles 24
But Nadab and Abihu died before their father. 1 Chronicles 24:2 The death of Nadab and Abihu J. Wolfendale. Learn: I. THAT SIN INVERTS THE NATURAL ORDER OF THINGS. "They died before their father." II. THAT SIN DEPRIVES OF BLESSINGS WHICH GOD CAN BESTOW. They "had no children." III. THAT SIN OFTEN OVERWHELMS WITH FEARFUL RUIN. IV. THAT SIN IS OFTEN MENTIONED IN HISTORY TO WARN OF ITS CONSEQUENCES. ( J. Wolfendale. ) Sad deaths J. Wolfendale. I. The sins which caused them. 1. Disobedience to Divine injunction. 2. Gross inconsistency. 3. Rashness in approaching God. 4. Presumptuous in set. II. The PUNISHMENT which followed the sins. 1. A dishonourable death. 2. A sudden death. 3. An overwhelming death. 4. A retributive death. ( J. Wolfendale. )
Matthew Henry
1 Chronicles 24
24:1-31 The divisions of the priests and Levites. - When every one has, knows, and keeps his place and work, the more there are the better. In the mystical body of Christ, every member has its use, for the good of the whole. Christ is High Priest over the house of God, to whom all believers, being made priests, are to be in subjection. In Christ, no difference is made between bond and free, elder and younger. The younger brethren, if faithful and sincere, shall be no less acceptable to Christ than the fathers. May we all be children of the Lord, fitted to sing his praises for ever in his temple above.